Fungus is normally present in the body, but when there is an overgrowth, it can lead to infection. One common infection is nail fungal infection, or onychomycosis or tinea unguium. It usually affects the toenails rather than the fingernails, causing them to become brittle and discolored. This infection develops over time, so any changes to the affected nails may be subtle initially. Here are some common types, causes, symptoms, and treatment measures for nail fungal infections. Types of nail fungal infections In general, there are four types of nail fungal infections. Distal or lateral subungual onychomycosis This is a common nail fungal infection caused by a type of fungus known as dermatophyte. This infection can occur in both toenails and fingernails. It usually starts as a yellowish-colored patch in the nail bed, right under the nail. Over time, this patch spreads to the center of the nail from the edges, causing the nail to separate from the nail bed. Candidal onychomycosis This type of infection is caused by yeast. It mostly occurs in the fingernails. The yeast causes the area around the infected nail to become inflamed and swollen. Sometimes, the nail might come off entirely from the nail bed.

Bipolar disorder is a mental health disorder characterized by extreme moods, either significantly high or low. The high periods are referred to as mania or hypomania, and the low moods are called depression. However, the moods can sometimes be concurrent, meaning individuals with bipolar disorder may have manic and depressive symptoms at once. The condition is usually difficult to diagnose; however, some signs can detect bipolar disorder early, and treatment can be started accordingly. Types and symptoms Often, the signs and symptoms of bipolar disorder overlap with those of other conditions, so it becomes difficult to diagnose it timely, which can delay treatment. However, there are now some criteria laid out by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders that help recognize bipolar disorder. There are four types of bipolar disorders, and the symptoms vary according to the type of the condition. These are as follows: 1. Bipolar I This type is diagnosed when the individual experiences manic episodes. The symptoms are as follows: This includes a significant shift in the behavior and mood of the person. These mood changes are often unlike the person’s personality or usual behavior, making it evident that something is wrong. A manic episode is also considered manic when it is present most of the day and nearly daily.

Seizures occur when changes in the brain’s electrical activity cause sudden changes in movement, sensation, awareness, thought, or behavior. Depending on the part of the brain involved, they are categorized into three main types – focal onset seizures, generalized onset seizures, and unknown onset seizures. Although seizures may present themselves differently and with varying intensities, recognizing their early signs is crucial for timely support and intervention. Some of the most commonly reported signs of a seizure include: Aura People who experience seizures often describe feeling an aura beforehand. This sensation can include a variety of feelings, such as visual, auditory, or olfactory sensations, pain, numbness, or headaches. Some examples of aura symptoms include a wave-like sensation that travels through the head, twitching or stiffening of the arm or hand, a feeling of falling or riding a roller coaster in the stomach, an unusual taste or smell, hearing unexplained sounds or music, experiencing sudden, intense emotions like fear, happiness, or anxiety, tingling or numbness, hallucinations, or seeing colored or flashing lights. According to research, around 65 percent of people with generalized epilepsy experience seizures. Auras can be a warning sign of an oncoming seizure, signaling that it may be time to seek assistance and move to a safer place.

A low blood sugar level is a condition referred to as hypoglycemia. This condition is recognized when the blood sugar level drops below 70 mg/dl, and steps are needed to bring it back up to a healthy number. This type of blood sugar drop is especially common in type 1 diabetes. Some symptoms can help diagnose low blood sugar levels that impact health, and here are some observations to keep in mind. 1. Extreme hunger This is one of the typical signs and symptoms of a low blood sugar level. This is the body’s way of communicating that it needs food to raise its glucose levels. Some people may eat sugary substances to get that spike, but other foods can also help raise the glucose level. Carbohydrates help solve this issue; however, eating the right amount of carbohydrates to help in this situation is essential and can vary from person to person. So, always consult a nutritionist to know how to manage glucose levels when this symptom occurs. 2. Restless nights Nocturnal hypoglycemia is the term used to describe low blood sugar levels at night in a diabetic person. In this, the individual may experience signs and symptoms like night sweats, unrest, and confusion once awake, as well as episodes of waking up suddenly.

COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a group of conditions that affect the lungs. Emphysema or chronic bronchitis are two of the most common forms of COPD. While it has no absolute cure, certain treatment options can help relieve the symptoms. One of the ways to manage and improve respiratory health is to monitor what one eats and recognize foods that can worsen COPD symptoms. So, here are a few foods to avoid: Sugary foods Foods rich in refined sugar, like baked goods, cookies, candies, sweet rolls, pies, and cobblers, can increase blood sugar levels and bloating. Furthermore, these foods can cause frequent energy crashes, making one feel fatigued. All of these factors can worsen COPD symptoms like wheezing, coughing, and breathlessness. Salty foods Frozen foods, salted nuts, and takeout meals may have a high amount of salt (sodium). Excessive sodium can make the body retain fluids. For those with COPD, this means an elevated risk of pulmonary hypertension or high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs. These issues can lead to other COPD complications as well. So, it is important to monitor daily salt intake by checking food labels and choosing foods with low sodium. Processed meat Cured or processed meat has been associated with several health issues, including the worsening of COPD symptoms.

Stomach cancer and desmoid tumors are serious health conditions characterized by the unchecked growth of abnormal cells or tissues in one’s body. These diseases primarily affect the stomach and adjacent bodily structures, potentially impacting one’s overall well-being. Understanding how these conditions affect one’s organs, their different features and similarities, early signs, and available treatment options is essential for proactive healthcare management. Here is what one needs to know about both conditions: Gastric cancer and desmoid tumors – What they are Gastric cancer is also known as stomach cancer. It is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells within the inner stomach lining. These cells accumulate, forming a tumor that can invade nearby tissues and, in later stages, spread to distant parts of the body, a process known as metastasis. Genetic factors, previous stomach conditions like GERD or ulcers, or overexposure to coal, metal, or rubber can influence stomach cancer. Desmoid tumors, on the other hand, are abnormal growths that develop from the body’s connective tissues. Connective tissues serve as a support and link between one’s bones, ligaments, and muscles. A desmoid tumor is an extremely rare disease and usually grows slowly. Unlike cancer, these tumors don’t spread to other body parts.

The eyes are vital sensory organs that are often considered to be the window to the world. Their health is deeply interconnected with heart and blood vessel health, as they have capillaries that provide oxygen and nutrients to the retina. Over time, with fatty deposits and unhealthy foods, these can become blocked, causing trouble with one’s vision. To maintain eye function and health, one must include healthy foods and avoid those that worsen eye health. Foods to avoid Bread Simple carbohydrates found in foods like bread, white rice, and pasta cause spikes in the glycemic index. Hyperglycemia has been linked to diabetic retinopathy and cataracts. It can also increase the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), one of the leading causes of vision loss among older people. Foods rich in simple carbohydrates may also increase the risk of high cholesterol and heart disease. This may further cause disturbances in one’s vision. Instead, it is advisable to opt for whole-grain alternatives. Processed meat Processed meats such as hot dogs, bacon, and deli meat are packed with high amounts of sodium. This can increase the risk of high blood pressure (hypertension) or cholesterol. Over time, it may result in: High blood pressure could cause damage to the retina, affecting one’s vision.

Huntington’s disease is a rare and inherited health disorder that causes the brain’s nerve cells to progressively break down over time. As the cells degenerate, a person’s functional abilities start to decline. Additionally, their movements, cognitive ability, and mental health are also affected. It is similar to having ALS, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s disease simultaneously. These symptoms develop gradually over the course of several years as the disease progresses through multiple stages. Causes of Huntington’s disease Huntington’s disease is a genetic health disorder. It results from a difference or mutation in a particular gene. This difference is generally inherited. Thus, Huntington’s disease runs in the family. Also, it is an autosomal dominant disorder. This implies that only one copy of the different gene is enough for a person to develop this disorder. Thus, a child has a 50% chance of inheriting the nontypical gene from a parent, who may pass along a healthy or nontypical copy of the gene. Therefore, if both parents have Huntington’s disease, there is a 100% chance that their child may have it, too. Progression of Huntington’s disease The atypical gene that causes Huntington’s disease is present in a person at birth. However, the symptoms do not start manifesting at that time.

Colon or colorectal cancer begins in the colon—the longest part of the large intestine. Along with the rectum, the colon makes up the lower end of the digestive system. Cancer in this region is the third most common form of the condition, with the American Cancer Society suggesting that 1 in 23 men and 1 in 25 women are at risk of developing the disease. Here, recognizing the signs can help one seek timely treatment. Early signs The early stages of colon cancer rarely cause visible symptoms. However, one may experience some of these early signs for about a year or two before they get a diagnosis. Abdominal pain: Pain is a common cancer symptom. With colon cancer, one may observe tenderness in the lower abdomen as well. Rectal bleeding: One may observe bright, red blood in the stool and persistent diarrhea as early signs of colon cancer. Anemia: Colon cancer causes inflammation and blood loss, which results in iron deficiency, leading to anemia. As the cancer progresses, one may start to experience some of the following symptoms, usually observable between stages 0 and 2: Changes in bowel habits: Constipation and diarrhea are common early signs of the condition. Cancer in the colon can affect the frequency of bowel movements.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a rare neurodegenerative neuromuscular disorder. It warrants early recognition for effective intervention. In 2017, WHO noted that there were more than 31,000 ALS patients living in the country. Also, an average of 5,000 patients were diagnosed with the complex condition each year. Also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, this condition is still being researched in order to find a cure. However, the absence of one makes early detection and treatment crucial. Signs and symptoms of ALS Muscle weakness At the onset of ALS, muscle weakness emerges, primarily affecting the limbs. Simple tasks like gripping objects, climbing stairs, or rising from a seated position become progressively arduous. Over time, this weakness extends, encompassing broader muscle groups, and gradually impeding daily activities. Difficulty in speaking and swallowing ALS is characterized by progressive weakening of the muscles responsible for speech and swallowing. Initially, individuals may notice slurred speech. Swallowing becomes increasingly challenging and may lead to issues with food and liquid intake. This not only hinders communication but also elevates the risk of malnutrition and aspiration. Muscle twitches and cramps ALS manifests with persistent muscle twitches, also known as fasciculations, and cramps. These involuntary contractions, often visible beneath the skin, can be both discomforting and distressing.